The concept of scientific management in companies emerged with the onset of the industrial revolution, bringing significant changes to the economic structures of businesses. As developments progressed, joint-stock companies were introduced, and mass production became prevalent. This shift required thinkers to create new management models, distinct from those used in small, individual ventures. The most effective solution was the creation of scientific management.
Scientific management involves addressing all managerial issues and problems using purely scientific methods, relying on analysis, experimentation, measurement, and evidence. Administrative researchers highlighted the importance of scientific management, which is based on flexible principles that are general in administrative applications but adaptable to the specific and changing conditions of businesses. Management takes into account the surrounding circumstances and factors, emphasizing the role of art in practical applications, guiding organizations toward stability rather than relying on trial and error. The core principles of scientific management in companies include:
Scientific management focuses on analyzing administrative processes by understanding the tasks managers perform and analyzing these tasks systematically and logically. It has formed the foundation from which key management principles and various administrative theories have been derived, all of which contribute to improving administrative practices.
However, the question remains: is management a science or an art? Some consider management purely an art, while others argue that it is a science, evidenced by the challenges of managing modern, large-scale companies. In truth, management blends both science and art, with the necessary balance between the two depending on the complexity or simplicity of the activities the management is responsible for. This has led to concepts like the art of management, which refers to the application of scientific theories in the workplace, and scientific management, which is known as the science of management.
The British Academy for Training and Development offers a wide range of courses and programs that cover all aspects of management skills, leadership, and creativity. These courses also delve into the foundations of scientific management in companies, providing participants with the knowledge and tools to apply these principles in their businesses.